{"id":8512,"date":"2021-04-13T10:38:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T14:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=8512"},"modified":"2021-04-15T06:46:32","modified_gmt":"2021-04-15T10:46:32","slug":"fwd-episode-210-great-lakes-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=8512","title":{"rendered":"Fwd: EPISODE 210   GREAT LAKES POLLUTION"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Begin forwarded message:<\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"Apple-interchange-newline\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">From: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">ALAN SKEOCH &lt;<a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" >alan.skeoch@rogers.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">Subject: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">EPISODE 210   GREAT LAKES POLLUTION<\/b><br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">Date: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">April 12, 2021 at 2:30:11 PM EDT<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">To: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">Marjorie Skeoch &lt;<a href=\"mailto:marjorieskeoch@gmail.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:marjorieskeoch@gmail.com\" >marjorieskeoch@gmail.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;, Alan Skeoch &lt;<a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" >alan.skeoch@rogers.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;, John Wardle &lt;<a href=\"mailto:john.t.wardle@gmail.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:john.t.wardle@gmail.com\" >john.t.wardle@gmail.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">EPISODE 210 &nbsp; &nbsp;GREAT LAKES POLLUTION<\/font><\/p>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">alan skeoch<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">april 2021<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">RIVER ON FIRE<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">In 1952 the Cuyahoga River caught fire when a spark from a passing train dropped on to the water surface. &nbsp; The result was &nbsp;an immediate explosive fire &nbsp;that was so<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">high it almost engulfed a &nbsp;tug boat. &nbsp; The Cuyahoga River flows &nbsp;through the centre of Cleveland, Ohio\u2026a &nbsp;city that was &nbsp;heavily industrialized&#8230; &nbsp;spewing various pollutants<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">including human sewage waste directly into the river. &nbsp;Nobody cared really. &nbsp;Even when the river caught fire because the water surface was covered with oil and &nbsp;other flammable<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">chemicals little was done to control the use of the river as a sewer taking the city waste directly into Lake Erie.&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">As far back as the 1880\u2019s the river was &nbsp;a sewer. &nbsp; \u201cThe river was yellowish , thick, full of clay, stoking of oil and&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">sewage. &nbsp;Piles of rotting woo were heaped on either bank of the river, and it was all dirty and neglected\u2026.I was disappointed by this &nbsp;view of an American river,\u201d wrote Frantisek Vicek, &nbsp;a recent<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Czech immigrant. &nbsp; Cleveland was not alone. &nbsp;The use of rivers as a sewage and &nbsp;waste disposal mechanism &nbsp;was true for all rivers and creeks &nbsp;flowing from cities and towns &nbsp;all around the Great Lakes. &nbsp;Nor was the Cuyahoga River the&nbsp;only river that caught fire. &nbsp;Pollution problem ho spots<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp;included &nbsp;Toronto. &nbsp;Some places &nbsp;were worse than others noted a few concerned organizations. &nbsp;Of particular concern on he Canadian side were two \u2018hot spots\u2019\u2026Toronto Harbour and Hamilton&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Harbour.<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"m-detail--body-item-inline m-detail--body-item\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\">\n<figure class=\"m-detail--tml-image--inline l-inline tml-image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; clear: both; float: none;\"><phoenix-picture style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); text-decoration: underline; transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\"><picture class=\"is-loaded\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.webp 380w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1240\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.webp 1240w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.webp 700w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1400\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.webp 1400w\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><source sizes=\"(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg 380w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1240\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1400\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg 1400w\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"m-image m-detail--tml-image\" alt=\"Firemen stand on a bridge over the Cuyahoga River to spray water on the tug Arizona, after an oil slick on the river caught fire in 1952.\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/t_share\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4NzMx\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-515303088.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" itemprop=\"contentUrl url\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06rem; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(24, 24, 24); text-decoration: none; left: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 4; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;\"><\/picture><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"m-detail--tml-image-wrapper\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow: visible; max-width: 1920px; min-width: 0px;\">\n<div class=\"m-detail--tml-image-container\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow: visible; padding-top: 399px;\"><button class=\"m-social--pinterest-pin-it\" style=\"box-sizing: content-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.25s ease; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(254, 254, 254), rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.498039)); background-clip: content-box; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 187); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; height: 20px; left: 20px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 20px; visibility: hidden; width: 40px; z-index: 5;\"><phoenix-icon-fallback class=\"m-svg\" icon=\"pinterest-pin-it\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; align-content: center; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; height: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: auto; width: 40px; vertical-align: top;\"><svg><use xlink:href=\"\/assets-global\/icons\/svg-sprite.svg?v=2021-04-09-172844-5206a86-019686#pinterest-pin-it\"><\/use><\/svg><\/phoenix-icon-fallback><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/phoenix-picture><figcaption style=\"box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: inherit; clear: both; line-height: 1.3em; opacity: 0.7; padding: 10px 10px 0px; position: static; max-width: 100%; font-style: italic !important;\" class=\"\">\n<div style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Firemen stand on a bridge over the Cuyahoga River to spray water on the tug Arizona, after an oil slick on the river caught fire in 1952.<\/font><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">The waste those firms did discharge turned the river muddy and filled it with oil, solvents and other industrial products. Between 1868 and 1952, it burned nine times. The 1952 fire racked up $1.5 million in damage. But by most, occasional fires and pollution were seen as the cost of industry\u2014a price no one was willing to dispute.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">When fire broke out on the river again in 1969, it seemed like business as usual. \u201cMost Clevelanders seemed not to care a great deal,\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=YpX2BgAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA162&amp;dq=cuyahoga%20river%20fire&amp;pg=PR10#v=onepage&amp;q=cuyahoga%20river%20fire&amp;f=false\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;write<\/a>environmental historians David Stradling and Richard Stradling. \u201cFar too many problems plagued the city for residents to get hung up on a little fire\u2026The \u201969 fire didn\u2019t represent the culmination of an abusive relationship between a city and its environment. It was simply another sad chapter in the long story of a terribly polluted river.\u201d&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">But attitudes toward the environment had<a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/holidays\/earth-day-timeline\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;changed<\/a>&nbsp;since the last river fire. In the years before the fire, Rachel Carson&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/rachel-carson-silent-spring-published\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">published&nbsp;<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\">Silent Spring<\/em><\/a>, which became a bestseller and opened the eyes of many Americans to the danger of DDT and other pesticides. Congress had begun passing laws to boost air quality and protect endangered species. And a growing counterculture had begun to embrace sustainability as people experimented with back-to-the-land<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44257280\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;subsistence farming<\/a>&nbsp;and communal living.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<aside class=\"m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-a not-size-b\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; max-width: 100%; position: relative; clear: both; float: none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-box-pack: center; justify-content: center; overflow: visible; text-align: center; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\">\n<div class=\"m-in-content-ad is-loaded not-size-a is-728x90 not-size-b\" data-class-rules=\"[{\"sizes\":[\"728x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-728x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"0x0\"],\"classes\":[\"m-advertisement--fluid-card\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x90\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x90\"]},{\"sizes\":[\"970x250\"],\"classes\":[\"is-970x250\"]}]\" data-ad-group=\"in_content-1\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible;\">\n<div class=\"is-loaded not-size-a m-in-content-ad--slot not-size-b\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; align-items: center; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); display: flex; height: 130px; justify-content: center; width: 860px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;\">\n<div id=\"ad-fdb84a9c7dcc4f8b925ddf52ca52855a\" data-google-query-id=\"CPXel_T8-O8CFTHtwAodKYIFDg\" data-ad-size=\"fixedBottomC\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible;\" class=\"\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/88059007\/www.history.com\/news_4__container__\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; border: 0pt none; margin: auto;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><iframe id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/88059007\/www.history.com\/news_4\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/88059007\/www.history.com\/news_4\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" scrolling=\"no\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" sandbox=\"allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" data-google-container-id=\"5\" data-load-complete=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; border-width: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Another factor was at play: an enormous<a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/local\/lanow\/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;oil spill<\/a>&nbsp;in Santa Barbara, California that sent 3 million gallons of oil into the Pacific Ocean. Suddenly, people\u2019s telev<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<div class=\"m-detail--body-item-inline m-detail--body-item\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\">\n<figure class=\"m-detail--tml-image--inline l-inline tml-image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; clear: both; float: none;\"><phoenix-picture style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); text-decoration: underline; transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\"><picture class=\"is-loaded\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.webp 380w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1240\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.webp 1240w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.webp 700w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1400\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.webp 1400w\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><source sizes=\"(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg 380w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1240\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1400\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg 1400w\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"m-image m-detail--tml-image\" alt=\"Three men in a motor boat take water samples of the Cuyahoga River where the shore is lined with semi-submerged automobile wreckage in 1968.\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/t_share\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/.image\/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700\/MTYzNTQ4ODc4MTI0MDk4OTE0\/cuyahoga-river-fire-gettyimages-79703575.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" itemprop=\"contentUrl url\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06rem; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(24, 24, 24); text-decoration: none; left: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 4; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;\"><\/picture><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"m-detail--tml-image-wrapper\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow: visible; max-width: 1920px; min-width: 0px;\">\n<div class=\"m-detail--tml-image-container\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow: visible; padding-top: 399px;\"><button class=\"m-social--pinterest-pin-it\" style=\"box-sizing: content-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.25s ease; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(254, 254, 254), rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.498039)); background-clip: content-box; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 187); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; height: 20px; left: 20px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 20px; visibility: hidden; width: 40px; z-index: 5;\"><phoenix-icon-fallback class=\"m-svg\" icon=\"pinterest-pin-it\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; align-content: center; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; height: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: auto; width: 40px; vertical-align: top;\"><svg><use xlink:href=\"\/assets-global\/icons\/svg-sprite.svg?v=2021-04-09-172844-5206a86-019686#pinterest-pin-it\"><\/use><\/svg><\/phoenix-icon-fallback><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/phoenix-picture><figcaption style=\"box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: inherit; clear: both; line-height: 1.3em; opacity: 0.7; padding: 10px 10px 0px; position: static; max-width: 100%; font-style: italic !important;\" class=\"\">\n<div style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Three men in a motor boat take water samples of the Cuyahoga River where the shore is lined with semi-submerged automobile wreckage in 1968.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Alfred Eisenstaedt\/The LIFE Picture Collection\/Getty Images<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Those same citizens soon opened their copies of&nbsp;<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\">Time Magazine&nbsp;<\/em>to see a story on the Cuyahoga fire, along with a photo of the 1952 fire. The conditions it described, which included a river that \u201coozes rather than flows,\u201d caught readers\u2019 attention. (As the National Parks Services<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/cuva\/planyourvisit\/upload\/CuyahogaRiver6%20final.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;notes<\/a>, many bought that issue of&nbsp;<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"\">Time&nbsp;<\/em>because it featured an expos\u00e9 on the Chappaquiddick scandal.)&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Soon, cries for regulation of water pollution became a roar. A grand jury investigation of the causes of the fire followed, as did coalition efforts to clean up the Great Lakes. It even inspired plans for a national environmental \u201cteach-in\u201d\u2014an event that would become the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthday.org\/about\/the-history-of-earth-day\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;first Earth Day<\/a>.&nbsp;In early 1970,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/us-presidents\/richard-m-nixon\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">President Richard Nixon<\/a>&nbsp;called for sweeping environmental reform. He created a council on environmental reform which, shortly afterward, was consolidated into the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/environmental-protection-agency-opens#:%7e:text=On%20December%202%2C%201970%2C%20a,federal%20agency%20opens%20its%20doors.&amp;text=Given%20the%20number%20of%20offices,and%20the%20EPA%20was%20born.\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">Environmental Protection Agency<\/a>.&nbsp;In 1972, Congress overrode Nixon&#8217;s veto to pass the Clean Water Act, which&nbsp;created national water quality standards.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Though the Cuyahoga River fire did not directly lead to the formation of the EPA, it was an important landmark for a burgeoning environmental movement. Today, the river is no longer stagnant or filthy. Public and private efforts have diverted sewage and cleaned up its banks. According to the National Parks Service, the river<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/cuva\/learn\/kidsyouth\/the-cuyahoga-river.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;still has<\/a>&nbsp;unhealthy amounts of sewage in some areas. But in March 2019, the Ohio EPA<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cincinnati.com\/story\/news\/2019\/03\/20\/cuyahoga-river-fish-safe-eat-decades-after-famous-fire\/3221295002\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(232, 12, 48); transition: all 0.25s ease; line-height: 1.6em;\" class=\"\">&nbsp;announced<\/a>&nbsp;that its fish are now safe to eat.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Whether or not the river ever overcomes the remainder of its environmental challenges, the memory of the 1969 fire will continue to mobilize those intent on protecting the natural world.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Begin forwarded message:<\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"Apple-interchange-newline\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">From:&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">ALAN SKEOCH &lt;<a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" >alan.skeoch@rogers.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">Subject:&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">Great Lalkes POLLUTION<\/b><br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">Date:&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">April 11, 2021 at 10:15:07 PM EDT<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><b class=\"\">To:&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-system-font, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">Alan Skeoch &lt;<a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" class=\"\"><a href=\"mailto:alan.skeoch@rogers.com\" >alan.skeoch@rogers.com<\/a><\/a>&gt;<br class=\"\"><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\">\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">After &nbsp;The Cuyahoga caught fire in 1952 there was &nbsp;not much local concern because the river had caught fire nine times between 1868 and &nbsp;1952. &nbsp; Of most concern was the $1.5 million in damage. &nbsp;Most city fathers<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">and businesses chalked the river fire as just another cost of doing &nbsp;business. &nbsp;Occasionally the Cuyahoga River would burn. &nbsp; As it did again in 1969. &nbsp;\u201cMost Clevelanders seemed not to care a great deal,\u2019 wrote<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">environmental historians David Stradling and Richar Stradling.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">But a major change in public attitudes was coming. The publishing of &#8216;Silent Spring&#8217;, by Rachel &nbsp;Carson in 1962 shifted the thinking of many North Americans. &nbsp;Her central thesis that North America was en route to an<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">environmental disaster was confirmed &nbsp;by events &nbsp;like the 1969 Cuyahoga River fire\u2026the tenths such blaze. &nbsp;One look at the river banks was enough to &nbsp;heighten concern. &nbsp;The bank of he<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">river was filled with scrap automobiles cheek to cheek as a storm break. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Concern led to action and top of the list was an attempt to clean up the Great Lakes which contained 20% of the freshwater on the planet Earth. &nbsp;In 1970 President Richard Nixon urged environmental<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">refer that led to the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). &nbsp;The first Earth Day was &nbsp;The result in March 2019 was that the Ohio EPA announced that fish caught in the Cuyahoga &nbsp;river were safe to eat.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">The first Earth Day was held on April 22, 1970 as young &nbsp;and &nbsp;old North Americans &nbsp;created a counterculture with new values as expressed in a hand &nbsp;drawn sign on the back &nbsp;of a hippie bicycle.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">\u201cPollution, brought to you by the same folks that brought you Viet Nam\u201d<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">CANADIAN POLLUTION<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Many of my friends were Boy Scouts in the 1950\u2019s. &nbsp;We loved going on our own camping trips\u2026i.e. without leaders.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Access to the wilderness west of Toronto was easy. &nbsp; One of our favourite spots was along the banks &nbsp;of the Etobickoe&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Creek. &nbsp; There was an old iron bridge &nbsp;crossing a side spot in the Creek. &nbsp; We loved jumping and diving from the bridge<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">into the deep &nbsp;pool below &nbsp;Mostly jumping. &nbsp;I remember distinctly how our feet would sink to the knees in the black<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">muck beneath the pool.. &nbsp; It did &nbsp;not smell good but hot weather trumped any concern we had. &nbsp;One of the other<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">boys, maybe it was Good Sanford, &nbsp;announced that sewers emptied into the creek farther north. &nbsp;That did not stop<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">us. Today, April 15, 2021, I think a little differently.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Our two Toronto Rivers\u2026the Humber and the Don, were certainly used for sewage, chemical waste and refuse.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">No point in taking &nbsp;a &nbsp;holier than thou stand on the issue of pollution. &nbsp;One March camping to the nearby Etopicoke<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Credk &nbsp;stands out because someone had dumped &nbsp;a &nbsp;dead &nbsp;horse &nbsp;in the middle &nbsp;of the creek.<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">There was so much construction waste thrown in the Humber River that I gathered enough to build a small<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">barn at the farm. &nbsp;Not pretty. &nbsp;Not designed properly for it collapsed after two months but it does demonstrate<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">our view that rivers are for garbage. &nbsp;At least that was the predominant view back &nbsp;in the 1950s and 1960\u2019s<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"AD07B3D7-55E1-445D-8D22-F5D5E3D51720\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/nHzEWYlRSy5tn9STouMlA_thumb_9ca2f.jpeg\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"533ADF2A-3D20-4966-9D46-8CB3874AC232\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/enONdr5URBObf4KSUYW2Hw_thumb_9ca31.jpeg\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"14294C70-DE08-42C2-AD38-EF4C09DAFFB7\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_9c908.jpeg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">JUST FOR LAUGHS: &nbsp;The 1960\u2019s<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">EVERY piece of lumber that built this barn was retrieved from Sunnyside Beach after floating down<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">the Humber River in springtime.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">SO MUCH lumber was dumped &nbsp;in the Humber River in the 1960\u2019s that I decided &nbsp;to collect the timbers snd planks<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">and build a new barn on our farm. &nbsp;I was &nbsp;naive. &nbsp; 1) I did &nbsp;not know I &nbsp;would need &nbsp;a &nbsp;building permit &nbsp;2) I had<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">no knowledge of construction principles &nbsp; 3) I wa proud of the result for a month or two then discovered<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">the building had &nbsp;collapsed\u2026do not know why.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">The reason I have included this admission of failure is to lighten up this Episode while at the same time<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">illustrating the use of the Humber River as a dump for construction waste. &nbsp; Who knows what was in<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">the water.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">alan skeoch<br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\">\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">A reminder of those careless days came &nbsp;in today\u2019s Toronto Star (April 12, 2021) \u201cDuring the 1960\u2019s, the paper plant<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">in Dryden, then owned by ReedPaper, dumped 10 tonnes of mercury, a neurotoxin, in the Wabigoon River, contaminating<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">fish and those who ate them.\u201d &nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">\u201cDetails\u2026.emerged when a retired casual mill labourer came forward out of \u2018guilt\u2019 in 2015, saying that in 1972 he was part<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">of a crew that dumped 50 drums of salt and mercury into a pit\u2026.tests at the site found mercury readings in the soil were<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">80 times natural &nbsp;levels\u2026.fish near Grassy Narrows remain the most contaminated in the province.\u201d &nbsp;Toronto Star, page A13, April 12, 2021<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"m-detail--body-item-inline m-detail--body-item\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: rgb(24, 24, 24); letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"04AF0D76-A42E-4B37-8628-7A7C1B021625\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/domtarmill.jpeg\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Dryden factory now owned by Domtar. &nbsp;Previous owners dumped mercury\u2026barrels of it\u2026into the<\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">regions rivers and lakes with devastating effect. &nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">MERCURY:<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \"Helvetica Neue\", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Mercury pollution is a local, regional, and global environmental problem that adversely affects human and wildlife health worldwide. As the world\u2019s largest freshwater system, the Great Lakes are a unique and extraordinary natural resource providing drinking water, food, recreation, employment, and transportation to more than 35 million people.<\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \"Helvetica Neue\", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">\u201cMercury is one of the most persistent and dangerous pollutants that threatens our health and environment today.\u201d<\/em><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">&#8211; U.S. Senator Susan Collins<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">June 2011 &#8211; Senator Collins Introduces&nbsp;Mercury Monitoring Legislation<\/strong><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">Legislation follows up on studies by&nbsp;Biodiversity Research Institute.<br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.briloon.org\/uploads\/BRI_Documents\/Mercury_Center\/Mercury_Connections\/GLMCPressRelease.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: inherit;\" class=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"\">Read full press release here.<\/span><\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \"Helvetica Neue\", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">The widespread loading of mercury into the Great Lakes environment is responsible for mercury-related fish consumption advisories in the eight U.S. states and the province of Ontario that border the lakes. Visit&nbsp;<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"\">the&nbsp;U.S. EPA website&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ontario province\u2019s Guide&nbsp;for more information.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \"Helvetica Neue\", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">For nearly 200 years, mercury has been released into the air and waterways of the Great Lakes region from human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, waste incineration, metal smelting, chlorine production, mining, and discharges of mercury in wastewater.<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\">\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"yui_3_5_1_1_1618251405157_6973\" apple-inline=\"yes\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/th-4.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 1px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\" id=\"yui_3_5_1_1_1618251405157_2891\" apple-inline=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/th-5.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img\" apple-inline=\"yes\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/grassy_narrows_1978.jpg.size_.custom.crop_.857x650.jpeg\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">POLLUTANTS<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">EACH ONE OF HE POLLUTANTS BELOW COULD BECOME A &nbsp;FULL EPISODE<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-FERILIZER FROM FARM FIELDS<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-UNTREATED SEWAGE FROM TOWNS LACKING SEWAGE TREATMENT<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-PHOSPHATES FROM LAUNDRY DETERGENTS<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-PESTICIDES<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-DDT<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-MIREX<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-MERCURY<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-BENZOAPYRENE<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-PCB\u2019S<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-ARAMITE<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-CHROMIUM<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-LEAD<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-CARBON TETRACHLORIDE<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">POLLUTION HOT SPOTS ON LAKE ONTARIO identified by the INTERNATIONAL &nbsp;JOINT COMMISSION<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-OSWEGO RIVER<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-ROCHESTER EMBAYMENT<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-HAMILTON HARBOUR&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">-TORONTO<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">By the 1960\u2019s and 1970\u2019s increased pollution caused blooms of algae that killed fish in large numbers. &nbsp; Fish eating birds<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">such as osprey, bald eagles, and cormorants were poisoned from the contaminated fish they ate. &nbsp;Since those two decades<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">a clean up of pollutants has been underway\u2026better sewage treatment plants, deindustrialization, public protests.&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp;Some good<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">signs are happening. &nbsp; Walleye &nbsp;that are known to favour clean water have &nbsp;returned. &nbsp; The relatively new sport fishery which<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">supports the release of Coho and Chinook salmon has increased public awareness of the importance of he Great Lakes.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Finally there are now more bald eagles and osprey sighted around the Great Lakes. &nbsp;All is not lost.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">ALAN SKEOCH<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">APRIL 2021<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">POST SCRIPT: &nbsp;Note 1: PART OF SERIES TITLED&nbsp;\u201cLIFE AND DEATH IN THE BIGGEST FISH BOWL IN THE WORLD<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;FEATURING SO FAR &nbsp; &nbsp; 1) OVERFISHING 2) LAMPREYS &nbsp;3) ALEWIVES &nbsp;4) HOWARD TANNER&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;AND INTRODUCTION OF COHO AND CHINOOK SALMON TO THE GREAT LAKES &nbsp;5) POLLUTION<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;NEXT WILL BE 6) INVASIVE SPECIES\u2026.ZEBRA AND QUAGGA MUSSELS\u2026AND OTHERS<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Note 2): Each pollutant has a detailed &nbsp;history. &nbsp;If I wrote that history and the concern attendant with the release<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">of each pollutant I could not do that and &nbsp;maintain my&nbsp;\u2019 story every day of Covid 19 lockdown&nbsp;\u2018 &nbsp; In addition I am not sure<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">that readers would &nbsp;have the time to read the full story of pollutants in the Great Lakes. &nbsp;Sometimes &nbsp;it is apparent<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">that quite a few readers just look at pictures and ignore the print. &nbsp;Understandable since we&nbsp;all have&nbsp;personal&nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">agendas. &nbsp; &nbsp;Having said &nbsp;that I have copied an abstract on MIREX below\u2026a chemical used as a fire&nbsp;retardant<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">and &nbsp;pesticide. GREAT LAKES fish were considered&nbsp;dangerous to eat due to Mirex in their flesh. &nbsp;That is changing<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">now but even after&nbsp;\u201935-40 years of cessation of&nbsp;production\u2026mirex is considered a contaminant of concern.\u2019<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">Also included below is an abstract documenting the issue of PCB\u2019s in the Great Lakes.<\/font><\/div>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\" id=\"abstracts\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 26px;\">\n<div class=\"abstract author\" id=\"ab0005\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\">\n<h2 class=\"section-title u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", Times, STIXGeneral, \"Cambria Math\", \"Lucida Sans Unicode\", \"Microsoft Sans Serif\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\", \"Arial Unicode MS\", serif !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-weight: 400 !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">MIREX Abstract<\/font><\/h2>\n<div id=\"as0005\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">\n<p id=\"sp0005\" style=\"caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", Times, STIXGeneral, \"Cambria Math\", \"Lucida Sans Unicode\", \"Microsoft Sans Serif\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\", \"Arial Unicode MS\", serif !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\" class=\"\">Mirex, historically used as a pesticide and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/earth-and-planetary-sciences\/flame-retardant\" title=\"Learn more about Flame Retardant from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\" class=\"\">fire retardant<\/a>, was released to Lake Ontario during the 1960s. Even after 35\u201340<\/span>&nbsp;years of cessation of its production and bans on use during the 1970s, mirex is considered a contaminant of concern. In this study, we present a comprehensive view of long-term trends and significance of mirex\/photomirex levels in fish from the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Majority of measurements (except for Lake Ontario) were below detection, especially in recent years. Concentrations of mirex in Lake Ontario fish decreased by approximately 90% between 1975\u20132010, and both mirex and photomirex decreased by 75% between 1993\u20132010. Half-lives of mirex and photomirex for the entire period ranged from 4\u201310&nbsp;years, but were lower at 2.5\u20138&nbsp;years in recent times indicating expedited recovery possibly in response to remedial actions performed in the 1990s. Simulated fish consumption advisories generated by considering only mirex and photomirex indicated that mirex\/photomirex is a minor concern. We predict that within 15&nbsp;years mirex\/photomirex levels in Lake Ontario fish will drop to levels that will result in advisories of at least 8&nbsp;meals\/month. In either case, the presence of other contaminants in Lake Ontario fish contributes to more stringent advisory than generated by mirex\/photomirex. It is recommended that the routine monitoring of mirex\/photomirex be replaced with periodic surveillance to reduce analytical costs. Dechlorane family compounds (that mirex is a part of) need to be evaluated further for their monitoring needs once in-depth toxicological information becomes available.<\/font><\/p>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", Times, STIXGeneral, \"Cambria Math\", \"Lucida Sans Unicode\", \"Microsoft Sans Serif\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\", \"Arial Unicode MS\", serif !important;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">PCB\u2019S\u2026POLYCHLORENATED BIPHENOLS<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<section class=\"Abstract\" id=\"Abs1\" tabindex=\"-1\" lang=\"en\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 0px;\">\n<p class=\"Para\" style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1.2em;\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">This chapter reviews the scientific understanding of the concentrations, trends, and cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Great Lakes. PCBs were widely used in the Great Lakes region primarily as additives to oils and industrial fluids, such as dielectric fluids in transformers. PCBs are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to animals and humans. The compounds were first reported in the Great Lakes natural environment in the late 1960s. At that time, PCB production and use was near the maximum level in North America. Since then, inputs of PCBs to the Great Lakes have peaked and declined: sediment profiles and analyses of archived fish indicate that PCB concentrations have decreased markedly in the decades following the phase-out in the 1970s. Unfortunately, concentrations in some fish species remain too high for unrestricted safe consumption. PCB concentrations remain high in fish because of their persistence, tendency to bioaccumulate, and the continuing input of the compounds from uncontrolled sources. PCBs are highly bioaccumulative and many studies have shown that the complex food webs of the Great Lakes contribute to the focusing of PCBs in fish and fish-eating animals. PCB concentrations in the open waters are in the range of 100\u2013300&nbsp;pg\u2009L<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em;\" class=\"\">\u22121<\/sup>, and are near equilibrium with the regional atmosphere. PCBs are hydrophobic yet are found in the dissolved phase of the water column and in the gas phase in the atmosphere, and they continue to enter the Great Lakes environment. The atmosphere, especially near urban-industrial areas, is the major source to the open waters of the lakes. Other sources include contaminated tributaries and in-lake recycling of contaminated sediments. Until these remaining sources are controlled or contained, unsafe levels of PCBs will be found in the Great Lakes environment for decades to come.<\/font><\/p>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">LAST COMMENT<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">I think this is about all you can take as readers of these Episodes. &nbsp;There is some comfort in knowing that controls have been placed<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\">on the release of &nbsp;these pollutants. &nbsp; The constant runoff of polluted water from farms is a thorny issue whose resolution seems distant<\/font><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"Georgia, serif\" size=\"5\" class=\"\"><span style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\">\u2026<\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">if at all possible. &nbsp;Who cares? &nbsp;Japan just announced that treated (?) nuclear waste was about to be released &nbsp;into the Pacific Ocean.<\/font><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"Georgia, serif\" class=\"\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\">It seems we are at a terrible cross roads\u2026no matter what&nbsp;road we take there will be trouble.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">alan skeoch<\/font><\/div>\n<div style=\"caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, serif; letter-spacing: 0.10199999809265137px;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">april 2021<\/font><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"u-bg-grey1 issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; overflow: hidden; line-height: 24px; caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, \"Lucida Sans Unicode\", \"Microsoft Sans Serif\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\", STIXGeneral, \"Cambria Math\", \"Arial Unicode MS\", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 16px !important; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245) !important;\">\n<li class=\"previous u-padding-s-left move-left u-padding-s-ver\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-top: 16px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 16px !important; padding-left: 16px !important; float: left; left: 0px;\"><a class=\"button-alternative-tertiary button-alternative\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0380133015002014\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-skip: objects; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word; border: none; font-family: inherit;\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><svg focusable=\"false\" viewbox=\"0 0 54 128\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" class=\"icon icon-navigate-left\"><path d=\"m1 61l45-45 7 7-38 38 38 38-7 7z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"button-alternative-text\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(50, 50, 50); transition: color 0.3s; vertical-align: middle;\"><\/span><\/font><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><font size=\"5\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/font><\/div>\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div style=\"direction: ltr;\" class=\"\"><font size=\"5\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/font><\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<blockquote type=\"cite\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: sans-serif;\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 36px;\"><br class=\"\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Begin forwarded message: From: ALAN SKEOCH &lt;alan.skeoch@rogers.com&gt; Subject: EPISODE 210 GREAT LAKES POLLUTION Date: April 12, 2021 at 2:30:11 PM EDT To: Marjorie Skeoch &lt;marjorieskeoch@gmail.com&gt;, Alan Skeoch &lt;alan.skeoch@rogers.com&gt;, John Wardle &lt;john.t.wardle@gmail.com&gt; EPISODE 210 &nbsp; &nbsp;GREAT LAKES POLLUTION alan skeoch april 2021 RIVER ON FIRE In 1952 the Cuyahoga River caught fire when a spark from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}