{"id":7507,"date":"2021-02-08T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T16:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=7507"},"modified":"2021-02-08T11:55:50","modified_gmt":"2021-02-08T16:55:50","slug":"episode-246-yukon-diary-the-treadwell-mine-disaster-and-livingston-wernecke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=7507","title":{"rendered":"EPISODE  246    YUKON DIARY   THE TREADWELL MINE DISASTER  and  Livingston Wernecke"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>EPISODE 246 &nbsp; YUKON DIARY &nbsp; THE TREADWELL MINE DISASTER &nbsp;and Livingston Wernecke<\/p>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">alan skeoch<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Feb. 6, 2021<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img\" style=\"width: 720px; height: 445px;\" apple-inline=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image2099306_web1_Treadwell_workers_outside_mine_building_ca_1918.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Treadwell Mine employees shortly after the Disaster. &nbsp;New jobs were found for all of them.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Men from 17 countries, many of them Serbians who left Treadwell when WW 1 broke out.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">WHY DID I VISIT JUNEAU ON SEPT. 13 AND14, 1962? &nbsp;NO GOOD REASON<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Was there some unfathomable force pushing me from the Yukon. &nbsp;Pushing me with a purpose in mind.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Pushing me out the peephole of Skagway. &nbsp;Pushing me south to&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">the mysterious capital of Juneau, Alaska. &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Pushing me I knew not where or why. &nbsp;I say this in 2021\u202659 years after I wrote my Yukon Diary. &nbsp;Ha!&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">What a laugh. &nbsp;I wrote that diary\u2026stuffed it with bits and pieces of my life\u2026and never opened it<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">again until the year 2020 when the whole world hit a dead stop and hundreds &nbsp;of thousands\u2026millions<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">and millions of people suddenly had to reconsider their lives.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Was &nbsp;that push to Juneau in 1962 real or imagined? &nbsp;I mean was I just wandering pointlessly? &nbsp;Wasting time?<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Wasting a little bit of my $350 a month salary? &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Did &nbsp;my unconscious mind whisper \u201cAlan, you must see Douglas Island? &nbsp;Even if you have never heard of<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Douglas Island, you must go there! &nbsp;\u201c<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">My conscious mind must have responded. \u201cWhat the hell are you talking about. &nbsp;Douglas Island? Delete now.\u201d<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Unconscious mind must have responded. &nbsp;\u201cYou willl only know why you went there in 2020. &nbsp;No point in me whispering<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">to your goddamn &nbsp;conscious mind. &nbsp;It blocks things. &nbsp; But you will go there and then wait 59 years to find out why.\u201d<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">YUKON DIARY<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Friday, September 14, 1962<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Got up early and walked the tilted streets of Juneau. &nbsp;I could &nbsp;look across the Channel where mountains threaten<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">to tumble into the Fiord. &nbsp;I look behind me and mountains that are even higher pose the same risk. But I have<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">seen mountains &nbsp;all &nbsp;summer.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Nothing to see really\u2026nothing to do\u2026why am I here?\u2026I must fly home as fast as I can\u2026seems I have<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">wasted my time coming to Juneau. &nbsp;Skagway made sense. &nbsp;Juneau does not make sense<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">DOUGLAS ISLAND<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">I did not notice Douglas Island in 1962. &nbsp;The island was there. &nbsp;Across the Channel from Juneau.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">A big lump of real &nbsp;estate with a humped back. &nbsp;Unremarkable because the mountain &nbsp;backdrop<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">dominated. &nbsp;I looked but did not see. &nbsp;On September 14, 1962, I had no idea\u2026no interest\u2026in that<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">lump of land. &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">I did not know it was the site of one of the great mining disasters in North American history. &nbsp;I had<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">never heard of the Treadwell Gold Mine. &nbsp;I did &nbsp;not know that this lump of land humping its way into<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">view across from Juneau had a direct<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">connection with a mining engineer and prospector called Livingston Wernecke. &nbsp;I did not even<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">know that the Wernecke Camp that Bill Dunn and I explored on Keno Hill was named after<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">a man. &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"A9F2E6B3-D01C-48E7-B499-E5FC77FAC7C3\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_9d05f.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Early June 1962 when Bill Dunn and I explored ruins of a mine on Keno Hill. &nbsp;Later we discovered this was &nbsp;once the Wernecke Camp<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Mine.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Indelibly in my conscious &nbsp;mind , however, was the joy Bill Dunn and I shared that June day as we<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">cooked our lunch with our feet hanging over the McQueston Valley of the Yukon far below.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">My conscious &nbsp;mind noted lots that day, particularly the lonely horse collars &nbsp;hanging in<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">the wreck of the horse barn\u2026and the vacant cabin with plates, cups and saucers on the table.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">The emptiness where men once lived and left behind for Bill and I to find.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">I had no idea how this abandoned &nbsp;mine connected to another humungous abandoned gold&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">mine on the coast of the Alaskan panhandle. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Let me jump right to the &nbsp;disaster in 1917 \u2026 cut the crap &nbsp;\u2026<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">THE TREADWELL DISASTER &nbsp;April 21, 1917<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"a-dynamic-image a-stretch-vertical\" id=\"imgBlkFront\" data-a-dynamic-image=\"{\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/I\/51izOjFA+rL._SX342_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg\":[344,499],\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/I\/51izOjFA+rL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg\":[239,346]}\" apple-inline=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/51izOjFArL._SX342_BO1204203200_.jpg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">In her book \u201cTreadwell Gold,\u201d Sheila Kelly references an eye-witness account of the cave-in:<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">\u201cAt one fifteen a.m., the small group standing vigil watched as the ground around the natatorium and fire hall slipped sideways, then with \u2018cracks, groans, and noises of shattering boards\u2019 dropped straight down into the innards of the mine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">\u201cFinally, at two fifteen a.m., after another eruption at the cave-in site, a two-hundred-foot geyser of saltwater shot out of the top of the central shaft. The spouting display went on for a full five minutes before it stopped, like fireworks announcing a finale. After a harrowing three and a half hours, the mine was full. In those forty-five miles of mine shafts and drifts underlying the town to a depth of twenty-three hundred feet, those ancient geologic pockets that gave up ten million tons of gold-bearing ore were filled with three million tons of seawater.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img\" apple-inline=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/End_of_the_Treadwell_1235_AM_April_22_1917.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\">Witnesses watched as their social club and company swimming pool suddenly disappeared &nbsp;in a gaping hole &nbsp;filling with sea water from deep below. &nbsp;All miners escaped except maybe for one man who just disappeared.<\/div>\n<div style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.063rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; max-width: 640px; caret-color: rgb(41, 41, 41); color: rgb(41, 41, 41); font-family: Merriweather, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.adn.com\/resizer\/OVTrA0hpciwoUlsKterfht4_zTA=\/992x0\/s3.amazonaws.com\/arc-wordpress-client-uploads\/adn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/24081219\/TreadwellCollapse_asl_p38_100.jpg\" alt=\"The Treadwell mines and company town came to a spectacular end on April 21, 1917, when a massive cave-in flooded three of four underground mines, 2,300 feet deep. They\u2019d yielded 10 million tons of ore. The void was filled with an estimated 3 million tons of seawater. Failure of unstable underground rock pillars and an extreme high tide led to the collapse. (Alaska State Library \/ Harry F. Snyder Photograph Collection P38-100)\" class=\"image zoom-in image-lazy\" style=\"display: inline;\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"97391481-48F3-4827-85FE-317A678D2219\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/TreadwellCollapse_asl_p38_100.jpg\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">The &nbsp;Treadwell mine disaster on April &nbsp;22, 1917\u2026The day after the collapse. &nbsp;Before &nbsp;the disaster this &nbsp;was the site of<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">the Treadwell &nbsp;social club swimming pool. &nbsp;The &nbsp;day after &nbsp;the mine was filled with millions of gallons of salt water that<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">cascaded into the passageways and drifts (stopes) below. &nbsp;In between &nbsp;the two events geologist Livingston Wernecke&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">crawled &nbsp;out on a trestle precariously strung over the hole. He shone a light down into the blackness below as a pile<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">of mud slipped into the dark. &nbsp;When the mud and fragments of mine buildings hit the rising &nbsp;water from below he breathed in \u201ca blast of air that had the musty&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">oder of the deep reaches of the mine.&#8221;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">FACTS ABOUT THE TREADWELL GOLD MINE<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">1) &nbsp;The city of Juneau, capital of Alaska, is named after he &nbsp;first prospector to lay claim to parts of Douglas Island, 1880\u2019s.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">2) &nbsp;Treadwell was the founder &nbsp;of the mine which he &nbsp;sold for $1.5 million dollars<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">3) The Treadwell Gold Mine became the largest mines in North America between 1880 &nbsp;and 1917<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">4) The mine buildings and property covered 2.5 miles of the Douglas Island shoreline<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">5) It began as an &nbsp;open pit mine then became a shaft and stopes mine that got deeper and deeper into the rock.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">6) To get one ounce of gold 8.5 tons &nbsp;of &nbsp;ore had to be &nbsp;\u2018stamped\u2019<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">7) The noise of &nbsp;the stamping machines could be &nbsp;heard for miles<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">(a stamping machine is a kind of power driven hammer that reduced the ore<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">into grains of sand that allowed other machines to sift and separate the gold.)<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px;\" class=\"\" id=\"yui_3_5_1_1_1612798829584_16174\" apple-inline=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/th-1.jpeg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Architectural &nbsp;drawing of the workings of a stamp mill. &nbsp;Easier to understand<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">than pictures &nbsp;of stamp mills at the Treadwell Gold &nbsp;Mine. &nbsp;Raw ore dumped &nbsp;in<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">stamp mill then pulverized into tiny pieces by power driven &nbsp;hammer. &nbsp;The noise<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">from the Treadwell stamp mills was overwhelming but even so there was a sign<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\u201cQuiet\u2026Men &nbsp;Working\u201d\u2026apparently<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">8) Miners were all male because &nbsp;women &nbsp;were considered to be bad luck<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">if working underground. &nbsp;The men &nbsp;got upset when some well intentioned women<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">entered the mine and &nbsp;sang to the men.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"-webkit-user-select:none; display:block; margin:auto; padding:env(safe-area-inset-top) env(safe-area-inset-right) env(safe-area-inset-bottom) env(safe-area-inset-left);\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"ED407D8B-0A4F-4C66-A190-E3EACB2A30D9\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/n1hp63fh4m031.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Strange sculpture found in ruined cement &nbsp;Treadmill Mine building\u2026vandalized walls but intact mysterious sculpture<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">9) The mine was excavated more than 500 feet below the Douglas Island and &nbsp;out under the Channel<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\u202660 miles of underground operations, 45 miles were suddenly flooded in the disaster.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">10) &nbsp;There were1,000 to &nbsp;2,000 miners employed by Treadwell. (sources give two figures) &nbsp;About 350 were in the mine<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">when it was &nbsp;flooded. &nbsp;There was just barely enough warning for the miners to escape.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">11) All the miners got out in the nick &nbsp;of time&#8230; Except for one man who was &nbsp;missing. &nbsp;He seems to have used the disaster &nbsp;as a way<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">to disappear rather than die. &nbsp;But no one is sure about him. &nbsp;His wife was awarded a settlement<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\u2026no one is sure what happened to him but suspicion was that he survived.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"5A124DB3-5499-44E6-BD3E-7ADA925988CD\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_9d066.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Abandoned horse &nbsp;stable at Wernecke Camp Mine on Keno Hill, Yukon. &nbsp; June 1962<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">12) &nbsp;There was not enough time to save the horses and one mule\u2026all of whom soon drowned. &nbsp;These &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">animals had been well treated\u2026loved. &nbsp;Some miners even offered to go down and try to save them. &nbsp;Too late.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; border-radius: 0px;\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"F36A0D5F-0B33-454F-BD05-12826E9290C2\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Alaska_Treadwell_Gold_Mining_Co._-_Treadwell__AK.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Treadwell mners at work. &nbsp;Stopes do not look like cathedrals but<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">floor is rubble strewn. &nbsp;How could stopes like these be called \u2018cathedrals\u2019?<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; border-radius: 0px;\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"8B6A6B71-5607-49CC-B9B1-48FE54D33A9F\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Ready_Bullion_Mine__Alalska_Treadwell_Gold_Mining_Co._-_Treadwell__Douglas_Island__AK.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">13) The drifts (stopes) were cathedrals more than 100 feet high on thin pillars. &nbsp;Not enough pillars according<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">to one source..<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">14) Noise &nbsp;of the stamping machines was so loud that the firing of cannon could not be heard<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">15) This was Tlinget tribal land &nbsp;and several of the &nbsp;miners were Tlingets. Apparently<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">they could not understand why these new &nbsp;people from 17 countries valued gold so much.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">16) The stamping machines only recovered 50% of the gold. The rest of the gold<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">was separated from pyrite using chemical process. &nbsp;Arsenic was a dangerous by product<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">that was difficult to conceal\u2026led to many cancers of internal organs.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">17) Waste rock from the mine made 80 acres of beach along Douglas Island<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">18) &nbsp;26 million tons of rock were crushed in the life of the mine (40 years)<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">19) $70 million worth of gold was produced<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">20) &nbsp;A raging fire on Oct. 10, 1926 consumed what was left of the Treadwell surface&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">buildings. &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">21) &nbsp;The water tower is the only obvious surviving structure.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">22) &nbsp;Employees were well treated\u2026swimming &nbsp;pool, dining hall, fair income, writing room, etc.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">etc. etc. So much to say \u2026 so little time to say it.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The Treadwell Historic Preservation and Restoration Society restored the shell of the Treadwell pumphouse. Mt. Roberts serves as backdrop. (Katie Bausler)\" apple-inline=\"yes\" id=\"7E7D1EAF-3BB2-41CC-AE01-23A37B2DA9F5\" src=\"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/TreadwellIMG_8421.jpg\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">THE salt water tower remains as a gravestone of the Treadwell Gold Mine\u2026recently roofed &nbsp;by the local historical society<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">LIVINGSTON WERNECKE<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; font-family: \"PT Serif\", Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-size: 17px;\" class=\"\">&#8220;Mine geologist Livingston Wenecke rushed to the site, inched his way out on the tram trestle that was precariously strung over the hole, and shone a light down into the widening cauldron. He watched a mass of mud and water accumulate and then slide away with a deep rumble. As the muck was gulped down, the lower regions underground belched a blast of air that had the musty odor of the deep reaches of the mine.&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; font-family: \"PT Serif\", Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-size: 17px;\" class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Livingston Wernecke\u2019s name seemed to jump at me from the description of the Treadwell Disaster. &nbsp;He &nbsp;had crawled &nbsp;across &nbsp;the gaping&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">hole after soil, rubble, buildings had tumbled into the shaft and disappeared. &nbsp; His name &nbsp;is unusual. &nbsp;This had to be the same man who built the silver mine<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">called Wernecke\u2019s Camp halfway up Keno Hill in the early &nbsp;1920\u2019s. &nbsp;Just a few years after the Treadwell disaster. &nbsp;And it is the same man.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Seemed to me that my Yukon experience was coming full circle now\u202659 years after the event. &nbsp;All the pieces began make sense.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Without the Treadwell disaster it is doubtful that Wernecke would have arrived in Mayo Landing, Yukon Territory, Canada, with a lot of equipment no longer needed<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">at Treadwell. &nbsp;Mining carts, tracks, skilled labour, investment capital, 98 horses, and his \u2018boys\u2019 (a father like term he applied to his miners). Livingston Wernecke is a<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">hard &nbsp;man to describe. &nbsp;He will be the &nbsp;subject of a coming Episode.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">&nbsp;Livingston brought was a man of few words\u2026also he had &nbsp;strict moral code&#8230; &nbsp;He &nbsp;would look after his \u2018boys\u2019 &nbsp;with the &nbsp;same care &nbsp;the owners of<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Treadwell looked after their miners before and after the disaster. &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">All 1,000 of the Treadwell men except one were found<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">new jobs &nbsp;in other mines. &nbsp; And the one? &nbsp; Well, now there is a mystery man that needs a novel \u2026 non fiction.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">(* &nbsp;a challenge to readers. &nbsp;Can you suggest reasons why a &nbsp;man would want to disappear\u2026a married<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">man with children? )<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">alan skeoch<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Feb. 2021<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">STRANGE STOPES AT TREADWELL: &nbsp;A MYSTERY<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">I am not a mining engineer, not a geologist, not a geophysicist, not an engineer. &nbsp; &nbsp;Nor have I devoted<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">hours my time &nbsp;to uncover the reason for the collapse &nbsp;of the Treadwell &nbsp;Mine. &nbsp;But I have questions\u2026<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">&nbsp;curious thoughts.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">As i read about the disaster I noted this odd comment. &nbsp;\u201cThe stopes deep down in the mine<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">were cathedrals hundreds of feet high.\u201d &nbsp; I thought that must be a misprint. &nbsp;I have never &nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">heard of &nbsp;a stope that high. &nbsp;Too bloody dangerous. &nbsp;it must &nbsp;be a mistake. &nbsp;Then another<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">source said the miners worked from the bottom up. &nbsp;They chiselled &nbsp;and blasted rock<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">from the ceiling\u2026and the walls..a good deal of it gold bearing ore. (i.e.one &nbsp;ounce of gold in every<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">8.5 tons of ore. &nbsp; In the process there was lots of &nbsp;waste &nbsp;rock that was strewn&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">on the floor of the stope. &nbsp;So the floor got higher and higher as the miners chipped<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">more and &nbsp;more from the ceiling. &nbsp;Hence the stopes deep &nbsp;beneath Douglas Island<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">were &nbsp;huge rooms filled with waste rock which got higher and higher as the miners<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">kept chipping at the ceiling. &nbsp; Does this make &nbsp;sense? &nbsp;Not to me.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Surely these huge rubble filled stopes were weak. (If true.)<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Another comment mentioned the &nbsp;pillars. &nbsp;The pillars in the stopes were not<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">thick enough to hold up the incredible weight of rock and ore more than 2,000<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">feet above. &nbsp;Why would pillars be thin? &nbsp; Because &nbsp;the miner managers wanted to get<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">as much &nbsp;ore as possible out of the mine. &nbsp;Could this be possible as a reason<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">for mine collapse. &nbsp;Do mines pull pillars?<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Surely the thin pillars weakened the mine. &nbsp;(If true_)<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">(This reminded me &nbsp;of work we did deep down in Can Met Uranium mine, Elliott Lake, Ontario,<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">in 1960. &nbsp; When the mine was abandoned the miners had been instructed to &#8220;pull the pillars\u201d to get<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">as much high grade Uranium as they could. &nbsp;The pillars left behind could&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">not take the weight and the roof of some stopes collapsed. If pillars are &nbsp;pulled<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">a mine &nbsp;could never be reopened. &nbsp;Right? &nbsp;I remember the sound of a stope<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">collapsing &nbsp;and wondered why the hell we &nbsp;were down there\u2026four men in<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">a collapsing mine. &nbsp;But I loved the danger\u2026shots of adrenalin.)<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">These are questions in my mind. &nbsp;Based on some short remarks in<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">the Treadmill story. &nbsp;Persons wiser than me might<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">offer explanations.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">POST SCRIPT: &nbsp;THE TREADWELL MINE<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-spacing: 0px; width: 803px; caret-color: rgb(110, 108, 108); color: rgb(110, 108, 108);\" class=\"\">\n<tbody style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle;\" class=\"\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top;\" class=\"\">(MY comments just touch the surface\u2026here are more details)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><br style=\"caret-color: rgb(110, 108, 108); color: rgb(110, 108, 108); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\" class=\"\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"portofcall-object-text\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(72, 72, 72);\"><span itemprop=\"description\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">The&nbsp;Treadwell gold mine&nbsp;was on the south side of Douglas Island, .5-mile (0.80&nbsp;km) east of downtown Douglas and southeast of downtown Juneau, owned and operated by John Treadwell. Composed of four sub-sites, Treadwell was in its time the largest hard rock gold mine in the world, employing over 2,000 people. Between 1881 and 1922, over 3 million troy ounces of gold were extracted. Not much remains today except for a few crumbling buildings and a &#8220;glory hole&#8221;. Although John Treadwell had twelve years of experience in both placer and lode mines, he was a carpenter and builder by trade who had come to Alaska prior to the Klondike Gold Rush.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\"><br class=\"webkit-block-placeholder\"><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.25em; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span id=\"Beginnings\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(39, 91, 106);\" class=\"\">Beginnings<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">In 1880, prospectors Joseph &#8216;Joe&#8217; Juneau and Richard Harris discovered gold in Silver Bow Basin. This brought waves of prospectors to the region, including John Treadwell, whose first move was to purchase a lode claim on Douglas Island from Pierre Joseph Erussard de Ville. Treadwell also formed a partnership in September, 1881 with Erussard de Ville, D.P. Mitchell and Dave Martin under the name of The San Francisco Company. For unknown reasons he later backed out of this, and in early December 1881 he devoted his attention solely to the Douglas Island property. He then went on to buy two claims neighboring his property from D. W. Clark. Treadwell extracted twenty two samples from his three claims which he sent to San Francisco, California for a mill test, yielding encouraging results.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">On December 27, 1881, Treadwell organized the Alaska Mill &amp; Mining Company and began operations at the Treadwell Dike. Shortly after this, five men from California bought over $10,000 worth of stock in the business. These men were James Freeborn ( 1828 &#8211; June 21, 1894 ), San Francisco banker and mining magnate John Douglas Fry (July 1, 1819 &#8211; February 3, 1901 ), Horace Lewis Hill (1840 &#8211; November 6, 1912 ), Howard Hill Shinn ( born April 4, 1857 ) and E. M. With these men funding him, Treadwell began running a tunnel and discovered that much of the vein he was mining was not on his property. Because word of his strike had not yet gotten out he was able to buy many of the adjoining claims for very little money, after which he returned to San Francisco to secure more backing for a much larger mill. His financial benefactors agreed to invest more and the major mining operation had begun.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">In 1889, Treadwell sold his stake in the company for $1.5 million and returned to California.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.25em; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span id=\"Operation\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(39, 91, 106);\" class=\"\">Operation<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">At the height of the operation there were five mills with over 960 stamps in continuous operation, closing down only on Christmas and Independence Day. These mills were fed by four mines known as the Treadwell, 700-Foot, Mexican and Ready Bullion. At this time the mine employed over 2,000 people and was the largest hard rock mine in the world. The gold was 55% free milling and 45% embedded in pyrite, which was extracted using chlorination, smelting, and cyanidation. Power to the complex was supplied by a coal-fired power plant (later switching to oil and two hydroelectric dams).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">Some of the shafts extended as much as 2,400 feet (730&nbsp;m) below the surface.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.25em; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span id=\"Decline\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(39, 91, 106);\" class=\"\">Decline<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">The mine was still yielding gold in 1917 when the Treadwell, 700-Foot and Mexican mines (excavated to a depth of more than 500 feet (150&nbsp;m) below sea level under Gastineau Channel) suddenly began leaking and were evacuated. Hours later the mines collapsed. At the climax, sprays of water were sent up to 200 feet (61&nbsp;m) in the air from the mine entrances. The only casualties were a dozen horses and one mule; local lore has it that one man unaccounted for used the opportunity to head for parts unknown.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">Evidence of instability had been noticed around 1909, but there was no indication of impending disaster until 1913, when major geological shifts occurred. Reinforcements were constructed but were ineffective. The last shaft was worked in a limited fashion until 1922.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.25em; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span id=\"Today\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(39, 91, 106);\" class=\"\">Today<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">The site eventually became the property of Alaska Electric Light &amp; Power, which has since deeded a portion to the city of Juneau with the stipulation that it be maintained as a historic site. Under the management of the Treadwell Historic Preservation &amp; Restoration Society there are recreation trails with markers identifying various locations. Another portion of the property is leased to a zip line operator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\">Directly above the cave-in site is a concrete pad where the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities places a 105mm howitzer, which is fired across Gastineau Channel at a shoulder of Mount Roberts to break up avalanches before they get so big as to pose a danger to Thane Road and residences there.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.25em; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span id=\"Printed\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(39, 91, 106);\" class=\"\">Printed<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial;\" class=\"\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">Hard Rock Gold<\/span>&nbsp;by David &amp; Brenda Stone, Vanguard Press, 1987<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">History of the Mines &amp; Miners in the Juneau Gold Belt<\/span>&nbsp;by Earl Redman, 1988<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">The Birdman of Treadwell: Diary of a Treadwell Gold Miner<\/span>&nbsp;by Edwin Warren with Barry Kibler (ISBN 9781425960643)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\">I Remember Treadwell<\/span>&nbsp;by Charlotte L. Mahafly, Accra Print, 1983<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\" class=\"\"><\/span><br class=\"webkit-block-placeholder\"><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><br class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EPISODE 246 &nbsp; YUKON DIARY &nbsp; THE TREADWELL MINE DISASTER &nbsp;and Livingston Wernecke alan skeoch Feb. 6, 2021 Treadwell Mine employees shortly after the Disaster. &nbsp;New jobs were found for all of them. Men from 17 countries, many of them Serbians who left Treadwell when WW 1 broke out. WHY DID I VISIT JUNEAU ON [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7507\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}