{"id":7031,"date":"2020-12-17T20:21:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T01:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=7031"},"modified":"2020-12-17T20:24:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-18T01:24:31","slug":"episode-196-welsh-miners-lanterns-in-ontario-barn-mcartney-sale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/?p=7031","title":{"rendered":"EPISODE 196 WELSH MINER’S LANTERNS IN ONTARIO BARN… MCARTNEY SALE"},"content":{"rendered":"
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NOTE:  THIS STORY IS TOO LONG, I KNOW THAT, BUT JUST DO NOT<\/div>\n
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EVERY DAY.  SORRY.  THE NEXT STORY WILL BE MUCH SHORTER.
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EPISODE  196:  WELSH MINER’S LANTERNS FOUND IN AN ONTARIO BARN<\/div>\n

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alan skeoch<\/div>\n
oct. 2018<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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         updated  Dec.  2020
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Earlier I related  the heart warming story of Jack the Clydesdale whose home in Dr. Richardson\u2019s barn is secure in spite of the auction sale. The new owner<\/div>\n
of the farm wanted  Jack as much as she wanted the farm.<\/div>\n

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There was another unusual facet of the Richardson auction\u2026which  is the subject of this  story.<\/div>\n

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TWO WELSH MINERS LAMPS:  WHAT WERE THEY DOING IN AN  ONTARO BARN IN 2018?<\/div>\n

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ALAN SKEOCH<\/div>\n
OCT. 2018<\/div>\n

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Seemed out of place.  Two heavy  copper cylinders sat on a table outside the Richardson Barn at their Sept. 8, 2018 auction sale.   Something  clicked<\/p>\n

in  my mind  when I noticed them so I took a quick  picture and hustled to the other auctioneer who was selling a coyote pelt and  a  horse trough that looked better than<\/div>\n
those cylinders.<\/div>\n

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\u201cMarjorie, you might throw a bid at those cylinders if the  price is right.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWhat are they?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cNot sure but those  cylinders are out of place\u2026not something found in Ontario barns\u2026wish<\/div>\n
I could  remember what it is about them.  Important.  But don\u2019t go crazy in your bidding.\u201d<\/div>\n

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\u201cHere they are, Alan, Happy  Birthday.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201c Now I remember…  These two copper cylinders are…<\/div>\n
\u201cJim McCartney, the auctioneer called them ship\u2019s lanterns.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWell he is wrong.  These  are miner\u2019s lanterns\u2026designed to give a very little bit<\/div>\n
of light in the dismal  darkness of  coal mines  in South Wales.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWhy so  big and so heavy\u2026allow just a flicker of  light.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cThe real purpose is  to detect dangerous coal gas\u2026explosive.  These lanterns <\/div>\n
were invented  after hundreds  of British  coal miners had  died from gas ignitions<\/div>\n
underground.  A spark. A candle.  A  match.  Enough to blow a coal  mine  into a<\/div>\n
mass graveyard..  In the 19th century these underground detonations in coal  mines<\/div>\n
were regular events.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWhat gas are you talking about?<\/div>\n
\u201cLots  of  different gas in coal  mines\u2026I suppose the  worst was  methane trapped  <\/div>\n
in pockets in the  coal\u2026ignites easily,\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cHow did  methane get into coal?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cCoal was once ferns, trees, plants of  all  kinds\u2026most once grew in the Carboniferous Era 359 million of years  ago to 299 million years  ago in<\/div>\n
the  Paleozoic period when the earth was  really swampy and oceans were  hundreds of  feet<\/div>\n
lower because so much water was trapped in arctic and  antarctic polar ice.  Plants  lived and<\/div>\n
died, their  bodies  forming thick blankets  of decaying matter.  Gas was  part of he process of  decay.<\/div>\n
These thick beds of plants eventually got covered with sediment in later  eras forming coal which <\/div>\n
is  a sedimentary rock formed by pressure and the absence of oxygen.   Thick  beds of coal are <\/div>\n
found in pockets all over the world\u2026lots  in Canada and  the United Staes and  Britain and a massive<\/div>\n
amount in China.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSlow down, Alan\u2026do you mean this coal which  we  can buy in the store is 300 million years  old?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cCorrect\u2026ancient as time\u2026measured  in millions of years\u2026that one chunk of coal.”<\/div>\n
\u201cSo coal is plentiful but not infinite\u2026what happens when we use all  the coal?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cGood thinking\u2026dreadful thinking really.  It took millions of years to press those ancient plants  into coal.  Yet<\/div>\n
we  have  only been burning  coal for about 300 years\u2026consumption big time.   When the coal is gone there will beNo more coal made<\/div>\n
unless a catastrophic even happens and our trees and plants are once again covered with sediment and pressed into new coal.”<\/div>\n
\u201cYou scare me  at times.  Get back to that methane\u2026where does it come from?”<\/div>\n
\u201cMethane was  identified  back  in  18th century by  a scientist who  noticed  \u2018swamp gas\u201d<\/div>\n
bubbled up and smelled bad.   Produced by rotting vegetation.   Deep coal mines trap<\/div>\n
methane  pockets of  CH4 (Methane) that is released by miners. Mix methane with oxygen<\/div>\n
and the chance of  explosion occurs.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cHas that ever happened?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cDon\u2019t play around  with me\u2026of course coal mine explosions have happened\u2026lots  of times.<\/div>\n
Some truly devastating.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cName one.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cUniversal  Colliery, Sengheydd, Wales\u2026massive underground explosion on October 14, 1913, killed 439 miners<\/div>\n
of the 1,000 underground at the time\u2026and 100 horses\u2026worst mining disaster in British  history.<\/div>\n

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\"Black<\/div>\n
Families waiting for announcement of deaths in the Universal Colliery, Wales.  Nearly <\/div>\n
half  of the 1,000 coal  miners died  in the  explosion\u2026and 100 horses.<\/div>\n

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\u201cYou mean there were 1,000 men digging coal deep  in the bowels of Wales and nearly half were killed.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cRight.  And that is  just one example.  Coal miner was killed or maimed  every  six hours. Mining<\/div>\n
is a dangerous business.<\/div>\n
\u201cDid you say there were 200 horses  down there as well.<\/div>\n
\u201cI did.  So  many stories\u2026where to begin?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cAnd  what about those copper cylinders\u2026how  do  they fit into the story?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cGood comment\u2026let\u2019s deal with those things.  Look at the pictures below.<\/div>\n

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\"Pit<\/div>\n

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\"Pit<\/div>\n

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\u201cYour lamps\u2026I see them in those miners hands\u2026same thing\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cDesigned  to sample the air\u2026lamp gets brighter if explosive air in the stope\u2026gives  miners warning to get the hell out fast.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWhat about those horses?  Just leave them to get killed?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cMost miners loved their horses\u2026living company for them in the near absolute darkness of the mine stopes  and alleyways.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cYou said  \u2018most\u2019 which means some miners were not so kind.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cCorrect.  Just like any collection of human beings there are always \u2018not so nice\u2019 miners  who abused  the horses.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cHow?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cBeat them.   There is  an amusing story about one miner who abused his horse.  The horses bolted and ran through the mine<\/div>\n
tunnels while the miner chased after him.  Eventually the horse just disappeared much to the chagrin and anger of the miner.<\/div>\n
\u201cHow could  a grown horse disappear in a coal mine?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cThat\u2019s what the miner said.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cWas the horse ever found?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cYes, a while later.  The horse had jogged into a side tunnel where a coal cart had been parked.  He hid  behind the cart while <\/div>\n
the angry miner ran back and forth cursing no doubt.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u2018How   could a horse hide in a coal mine?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cEasy.  You have forgotten that coal mines were pitch dark most places.  The horse knew every twist and turn in the mine even<\/div>\n
though he could not see.  Amazing.  If horses  could only laugh and whinny softly, \u2018You son of a bitch, you won\u2019t find  me here no<\/div>\n
battery how you yell and  swear.\u2019\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cGod, must have been awful down  there in the darkness.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cNo one knows really except for the men deep in the pits.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSome of those coal seams were not very thick\u2026no room for horses for sure\u2026I saw pictures  of men pick axing coal seams while <\/div>\n
lying of their sides\u2026maybe only three feet of clearance.  Horse no help there.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cThat\u2019s where the miners kids  proved useful\u2026small people needed.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cChildren in coal mines?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201c:Sure, some as young as six years old.  Some children spent their lives deep in those pits.  A lot of them died  in explosions and roof collapse <\/div>\n
and accidents\u2026and then there was black lung\u2026dreaded killer when sharp bits of coal dust builds up in the lung.  Terrible death.<\/div>\n

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\u201cYou exagerate, Alan, little children were not miners.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSure as hell were\u2026as a matter of fact children were used in coal mines before horses.  The horses, most of them, replaced the<\/div>\n
children when child abuse scandals became general knowledge in the 1840\u2019s in Britain.  Children were prohibited in mines.<\/div>\n
\u201cSaved?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cNot completely.  Who would know if a kid was deep in the mine.  Absolute darkness except for slivers of light from these lamps.<\/div>\n
Miners were poorly paid\u2026needed the extra cash from their children.  Many payed rent for company houses and  had  to shop in<\/div>\n
company stores\u2026wages barely covered expenses.  Mine owners were not always humane\u2026they wanted  profits like any<\/div>\n
capitalist.<\/div>\n
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Note re: Miner\u2019s lamps\/  left: kind of lamp given to foremen and mine execs<\/div>\n
right: kind  of lamp given to miners and children, obvious wear, has number<\/div>\n
which was checked off as  miners  left shift\u2026a  way of checking who was still below.<\/div>\n
In mine collapses and explosions this system gave identity of men still in<\/div>\n
mine, either dead or alive.<\/div>\n

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CHILDREN, DOWN IN THE COAL MINES<\/p>\n

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\u201cThe first coal seems were found  on the seacoasts\u2026thin bands  of coal\u2026this led to problems.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cProblems?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cyes, the  deeper the coal was  mined  the smaller the tunnel?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSo?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSo , small people were best as miners\u2026and agile people who could easily crawl on hands and  knees.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSo?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSo, who are the smallest people?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cChildren!\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cRight.  Children were very useful as miners.  They did  what they were told.  They were small.  They were cheap. And they were<\/div>\n
expendable.  Who cared what happened deep in the dark of a coal mine?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cSurely , you exaggerate, \u201c<\/div>\n
\u201cNope, check the records.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cI do  not have time to do  that.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cOK, here are some comments by child miners in the 1840\u2019s\u2026part of a British government  investigation after a  mine<\/div>\n
accident that killed children deep in a coal mine.\u201d<\/div>\n

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In the 1840\u2019s the Welsh coal  mines were investigated by a British Commission and  child labour was reduced as a result.  Some  of the  reports sent the <\/div>\n
government authorities were very graphic.   \u201cI got my head crushed\u2026by a piece of  roof falling.\u201d (William Skidmore, aged 9)\u2026\u201dI got my legs crushed some<\/div>\n
tme snce, which threw  me off work some weeks.\u201d (John Reece,  aged 14)\u2026\u201dNearly a year ago there was  an accident and  most of us were burned. I was <\/div>\n
carried  home by a man.  it hurt very much  because the skin was  burnt of my face.  I couldn\u2019t work for six months.\u201d (Philip Phillips, aged 9)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Philip Davies had a horse for company. He was pale and undernourished in appearance. His clothing was worn and ragged. He could not read:-<\/span>‘I have been driving horses since I was seven but for one year before that I looked after an air door. I would like to go to school but I am too tired as I work for twelve hours.’<\/em> <\/span>Philip Davies, aged 10, Dinas Colliery, Rhondda<\/span>Drammers pulled their carts by a chain attached at their waist. They worked in the low tunnels between the coal faces and the higher main roadways where horses might be used. The carts weighed about 1\u00bdcwt. of coal and had to be dragged a distance of about 50 yards in a height of about 3 feet.<\/span><\/div>\n
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“We are doorkeepers in the four-foot level. We leave the house before six each morning and are in the level until seven o\u2019clock and sometimes later. We get 2p a day and our light costs us 2\u00bdp a week. Rachel was in a day school and she can read a little. She was run over by a dram a while ago and was home ill a long time, but she has got over it.”Elizabeth Williams, aged 10 and Mary and Rachel Enoch, 11 and 12 respectively, Dowlais Pits, Merthyr<\/div>\n
HORSES<\/div>\n
Some horses were abused, more   often though horses were loved and  well cared for\u2026but all the horses used in coal  mines led a  trouble filled life.  Mine ceilings collapsed  on them, picks  and shovels cut them, some miners beat them, horses suffered from black lung like the miners, explosions  killed them\u2026In 1876, the RSPCA (Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals) urged protection be provided by law.  In that year alone  there were 71,396 horses working in British mines, 2,999 of them were killed, 10,878 were injured.  \u201c<\/div>\n
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\u201cThat\u2019  not a horse, Alan\u2026you said horses worked deep  int he cola mines\u2026that\u2019s  a pony, small one at that<\/div>\n
\u201cPit ponies, often Shetlands, and full draught horses  such as Clydesdales worked underground\u2026all sizes.  Low ceilings favoured small ponies such  as that one above.  The  animal  does not look abused\u2026looks loved  by those teen age boys. \u201c<\/div>\n
\u201cImagine the terror felt by that horse being lowered deep into the cola mine.  Folded into a ball and lowered as much as 1,000 feet in mines that had the besthard  anthracite coal.  Miners tried to rescue the horses in mine disasters  but often could not do much<\/div>\n
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(I wish this picture was  larger.  Here is a boy, perhaps nine  or ten years old, sitting in the darkness beside a ventilation door which he had to open and  close as cartloads  of coal  drawn  by horses came by   Lonely?  Scared?) \u201cNot a tough job, right?\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cNot tough, I guess, but would  you want to sit all alone in the darkness for twelve hours opening and closing the curtain when a horse camp by with a cartload of coal.  Lonely, perhaps frightened, perhaps proud to be part of this strange world of adults.\u201d  The passageways  were not lit.  Pit horses soon got to know their way through the mind  passage in the absolute darkness.  Horses even knew when an eight hour shift was over and then made their way to the underground stables for their supper.  <\/div>\n
\u201cLots of girls were sent underground in the early years.   Working class kids.  Pulling cartloads of coal from the coal face where men hacked at the coal or set small explosive charges in hand drilled holes.  Some girls pulled big boxes of coal using carts that had no wheels.  The use of girls in the mines ended before the use of boys ended.  Law eventually prohibited children.  \u201c<\/div>\n
\u201cAny mine owners  cheat and  use children despite the law.\u201d\u201cSad to say\u2026many kids  still worked underground.  Hard for mine owners to resist the attraction of cheap labour\u2026payed  children  a couple of pence a day\u2026two cents a day.  Of course a  cent had a lot higher value then.  But the pay was  never enough for a working man and his children to ever treat the poverty cycle.  As the song Sixteen Tons said they \u2018owed their soul to the company store\u2019.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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12 year old John Davies comes  up from Rhonda mine carrying his miner\u2019s lantern, lunch  bag and jug of water.<\/div>\n

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More than  a  century later, in 1960, I had an opportunity to visit the Welsh coal fields near Aberdare.  I had read ‘How  Green  Was  My Valley\u2019* so had  some<\/div>\n
idea of the  difficult life coal miners faced  n the past.  Only in 1960, however, did I become  aware that my great uncle Frank Freeman lived there in a <\/div>\n
place called  Ysgeborwen.    He  was a butcher and our meeting was brief, perhaps an hour, but the ambience of that coal valley cannot be forgotten.  Some of the<\/div>\n
coal \u2018pits\u2019 were still operating and  I distinctly remember miners coming off shift singing.  Singing!  Really singing.    And  I also remember<\/div>\n
being given a  brokeN clay pipe that had  been excavated when an old  1840  era coal seam was  being converted to an open pit mine. \u201cThe old carts<\/div>\n
were still down there\u2026scooped them up\u2026that\u2019s where this  pipe  stem came from.  Odd.  Pipes and  matches were dangerous things to<\/div>\n
have in an underground coal  mine.\u201d<\/div>\n

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*How  Green  Was  My  Valley\u201d made  the Welsh coal fields famous.   Even became moron picture.  The  book was thought to <\/div>\n
be an accurate history of the  brutality of coal mining.  years later the book was determined to be fiction.  Based  on overheard<\/div>\n
conversations of Welsh families living in  London.  <\/div>\n

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ALAN SKEOCH<\/div>\n
OCT. 2018<\/div>\n
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WHAT IS  COAL\u2026WHRE DOES COAL ORIGINATE?<\/p>\n

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\u201cDid you ever wonder where coal came from?”<\/div>\n
\u201cPlants \u2026 millions of plants I think\u2026sort of hard  to believe.\u201d<\/div>\n
\u201cReally hard  to believe…<\/div>\n
\u201cBut true\u2026millions of  dead plants over millions  of years\u2026plants, mostly giant ferns, from the Carboniferous <\/div>\n
Era when the earth was warmer and the atmosphere had lots of carbon dioxide\u2026.plants love CO2.  By chance<\/div>\n
thick beds of dead plants got trapped under water that was eventually covered with thick bands of mud.   Piles  of mud<\/div>\n
which became slate and other sedimentary stone\u2026heavy\u2026the heavier the overburden the more those bands of<\/div>\n
plants  were pressed\u2026pressure so great that the plants became beds of  coal.  Anthracite coal was the best <\/div>\n
kind of hard  coal\u2026also buried  the deepest \u2026anthracite coal mines are often more than 1,000 feet below the surface.<\/div>\n

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SONGS THEY SANG<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ahhh. I’m so tired. How long can this go on?<\/span>
Said if you see me comin’ better step aside<\/span>
A lot of men didn’t and a lot of men died<\/span>
I got one fist of iron, and the other of steel<\/span>
If the right one don’t a get ya then the left one will<\/span>
I was born one morning when the sun didn’t shine<\/span>
Picked up my shovel and walked to the line<\/span>
I hauled 16 tons of number 9 coal<\/span>
And the straw boss said “Well bless my soul.”<\/span>
(Melody 2)<\/span>
Sixteen tons what do you get?<\/span>
Another day older and deeper in debt.<\/span>
Saint Peter don’t you call me cuz I can’t go.<\/span>
I owe my soul to the company store.<\/span>
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Nobody knows the trouble I’ve seen.<\/span>
Nobody knows my sorrow.<\/span>

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Dark As A Dungeon, song lyrics<\/h1>\n

Song: Dark As A Dungeon<\/b>
Lyrics: Merle Travis(1)<\/sup>

Music: Merle Travis
Year: 1946
Genre: 
Country: USA<\/p>\n


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Come all you young fellers, so young and so fine, 
And seek not your fortune in the dark, dreary mine. 
It will form as a habit and seep in your soul, 
‘Til the blood of your veins runs black as the coal.
This song was originally posted on protestsonglyrics.net<\/font><\/a> 
(CHORUS:)
Where it’s dark as a dungeon and damp as the dew, 
Where the dangers are many and the pleasures are few, 
Where the rain never falls and the sun never shines, 
It’s dark as a dungeon way down in the mines.<\/p>\n

It’s many a man I have seen in my day, 
Who lived just to labor his whole life away. 
Like a fiend with his dope or a drunkard his wine, 
A man must have lust for the lure of the mine.<\/p>\n

(CHORUS)<\/p>\n

I hope when I’m gone and the ages do roll, 
My body will blacken and form into coal. 
Then I’ll look down from the door of my Heavenly home, 
And pity the miner a diggin’ my bones.
This song was originally posted on protestsonglyrics.net<\/font><\/a> 
(CHORUS)<\/p>\n

The midnight, the morning, the breaking of the day, 
Are the same to the miner who labors away. 
Where the demons of death often come by surprise, 
One slip of the slate and you’re buried alive.<\/p>\n


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NOTE:  THIS STORY IS TOO LONG, I KNOW THAT, BUT JUST DO NOT HAVE TIME TO EDIT IT AND STILL MEET MY DEADLINE OF  1 STORY EVERY DAY.  SORRY.  THE NEXT STORY WILL BE MUCH SHORTER. EPISODE  196:  WELSH MINER’S LANTERNS FOUND IN AN ONTARIO BARN alan skeoch oct. 2018          updated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7031"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7031\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanskeoch.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}