In a feedlot of about 1,000 head of cattle, 146 animals died within a period of a few months affected by a disease characterized by anorexia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, constipation, or diarrhea. The clinical course of the disease lasted a few days. Postmortem findings were generalized icterus and a yellow discolored liver. The kidneys were dark brown, and the urinary bladder was filled with urine of the same dark-brown color. The main histopathological findings were centrolobular coagulative necrosis, apoptosis, bilestasis, and proliferation of bile ducts in the portal space. Changes in the kidneys included nephrosis and the presence of bile and precipitates, and cylinders of albumin and of hemoglobin in the uriniferous tubules. Liver samples, collected from 3 animals on which postmortem examinations were performed, had 2,008, 2,783 and 4,906 ppm copper in their dry matter. Two samples of poultry litter fed to the cattle contained 362 and 323 ppm copper. The green forage that formed the rest of their feed only had 4.7 ppm copper. Copper poisoning was diagnosed, most probably caused by feeding litter from poultry that had been fed a ration treated with copper sulfate to avoid aspergillosis.
HAIRBALLS COMMONLY REGURGITATED BY CATTLE
“Most people are familiar with the horrifying and soggy hairballs left behind by their cats, but cows can also suffer from furry masses stuck in their stomachs. While a cat can painstakingly hurl up their own matted hair, however, cows don’t have the ability to vomit up these hairballs. This means their bovine fur is stuck in one of their four stomachs for good.
Cows have what are called ruminant digestive systems. Unlike humans, who have one stomach for digestion, cows have four, allowing them to eat tough, fibrous grass until they are full. Since this grass is high in fiber and hard to digest, sometimes the regurgitate small bits of it to re-chew. Because their stomachs are separated, foreign bits can become easily stuck in their bodies.” (quote from source)
IN our case the balls were made of copper wire.
Some of the foreign items commonly found inside cows are hairballs. These masses eventually clump together, forming smooth spheres. Unfortunately, the spheres can prove deadly. As they grow larger, they make the stomach non-functional, blocking food from traveling or digesting properly. By the time a hairball reaches four inches in diameter, a cow will become emaciated and seek to drink massive amounts of water.
Cow hairballs are often only discovered after the animal has died. Goats, sheep, llamas, and deer can all develop these hairballs. For a long time, these clumps were considered to have curative properties. Known as a”bezoar,” it was believed the hairballs absorbed poison and were an ultimate form of antidote.
I was walking on a trail in the local conservation area when I decided to go into the long grass beside the trail to get to the summit of a hill and get a better view. I was wearing shorts. I did not know anything about ticks or lyme disease and at the time twenty years ago Lyme disease was not very prevalent in Ancaster, Ontario.
Two or three days later I experienced swelling in my lower legs and when I sat down and elevated my legs
my heart felt like it was being swamped with fluid.
I went to my doctor who is a real frontier doctor. He has a record for the most house calls in a year because
in the rural area where he had practiced many of his patients were unable to come to his office for help.
I did not have a bullseye rash but did have a lot of redness on my left lower leg. He laughed and said, “Oh you have spider bites!”. He gave me an antibiotic to deal with the spider bites and thankfully it was the same antibiotic that is used to treat Lymes disease. At that time 20 years ago Lyme disease was in New York State but it was not thought to have crossed into Ontario and so he was not looking for it.
The swelling continued and I spent considerable time lying on the floor with my legs propped up to drain fluid from them. Both lower legs were now affected. It took weeks for this to subside a bit. During this time I went to a Stag for my son Wesley at the Woodbine racetrack but had to go back to my car and prop my legs up on the dash for the fluid to drain out of them. My doctor now recognized that it was Lyme Disease. He prescribed Support hose for me to wear. Gradually I got a bit better but to this day I still wear support hose during the day and try to put my legs up to drain a couple of times a day.
I am one of the lucky ones who got the antibiotic early and that prevented a lot of the long term damage which some people have to endure. There is a lady who lives down the street from me that is suffering a lot more long term problems from Lyme disease because it was not detected early and by the time it was diagnosed the antibiotic was not very effective.
When I walk in the woods now I wear a long sleeve shirt and long pants and always check for ticks on my body when I come back. One can still be reinfected by Lyme disease. You do not build up immunity to it.
ROBERT ROOT
Rooter’s description puts me in mind of a line from the poet T.S. Elliot
“I grow old
I grow old,
I think I’ll wear my pant legs rolled”
(Don’t take this advice…do not wear your pant legs rolled in the long grass)
My real danger was neither bulls nor boars. The real danger was those tiny, almost invisible, creatures called ticks.
Some cattle herds were infested with the blood sucking bastards. I firmly remember one cow in particular whose
nose was covered in ticks. I think Barney drew that to my attention but not sure. I do remember, however, stripping
each night and searching my body for ticks. And I found a few. But never had a tick fully engorged with of my blood. That may
have happened since a fully blood bloated tick releases its pincer grip and drops off to begin its search for a mate
and the tick life cycle I have recently discovered that ticks can clone themselves if they cannot find a mate.
Now that is something to worry about. I did worry about ticks but only had a few on my body none of which
were carrying other pathogens such as Llyme disease. Lyme disease was unknown in Ireland in 1960.
Imgine this cow’s nose peppered with a tick infestation…small at first and then blood boated.
I remember the prevalence of ticks on the noses of cattle in some but not
all of the Irish farm fields. Ticks are not nice. They are tiny blood sucking little cratures
that are almost invisible. They become ugly blood filled little greyish balls hanging tight
to animal and human flesh. Recently I searched the internet for a picture of these
little bastards but failed to find anything that compared to what I saw of those Irish cattle
in 1960l.
We hired people to help get me through gorse hedges and over Irish stone fences but no
one was hired to check our bodies for ticks. That was personal. Each night I checked for
ticks and did find a few which were carefully removed using tweezers where the little bastards
head had bitten and latched onto me.
My Irish employees must have done the same They all wore long pants and long sleeved
shirts which gave some protection from ticks. Initially I thought it strange that local people did
not wear short pants and short sleeved shirts in Irish summertime. Was it fear of ticks?
No idea. Never asked. In 1960 Irish ticks did not carry Lyme disease. Today lyme disease
is rampant all over the world.
In 2019 a North Carolina farmer found one of his bulls dead in a field. All of its
blood had been sucked out of its body by ticks and examiners of he corpse noted
the infestation of ticks was so large that some were climbing up their rubber
boots. Now that is hard to imagine but true, noted by veterinarians.
Did ticks get on my legs via my rubber boots? They seem to have grasped me as I
brushed by long grass or was busy getting through the Gorse hidges. I don’t remember
Barney being worried about ticks. In 1960 The Irish ticks were like mosquitoes…pests
that were just a normal part of doing business in farm fields.
TICKS IN CANADA TODAY
DATELINE SEPT. 2022
“Jack, your are being transferred to Fort Wainright, Alberta for deeper training.”
(Jackson Skeoch is recent Basic Training gradate in the Canadian Army, based in Alberta)
“Yes, starting September…looking forward to it.”
“That might involve a lot of outdoor activities..”
“Lots of that, Grandpa”
“Has anyone mentioned ticks?”
“Strange that you should mention that. Yes, we are to be cautious “
My Irish experience in 1960, including Barney’s comment about a cow we met whose nose
was cluttered with ticks has always made me a little concerned when wading through farm fields
No big danger in 1960 but by 2012 Lyme disease was carried by black legged ticks. Even in
1960, however, I was cautious, perhaps more because the blood filled ticks are so ugly.
.Presently my caution heightened when my good friend ROBERT ROOT picked up Lyme Desease
when walking on a hiking trail near Hamilton. Bob Root did not know he had been bitten.
He came down with a serious case of Lyme disease. Desperate situation followed.
Overview on Ticks
Ticks are small spider-like animals (arachnids) that bite to fasten themselves onto the skin and feed on blood.
Ticks are most active during the spring, summer and fall seasons and can be active when the temperatures are above 4 degrees Celsius.
In addition to ticks that live in Alberta year-round, migrating birds bring ticks from warmer areas into Alberta during the spring.
Alberta is home to many species of ticks. Most tick species in Alberta do not carry Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that can cause Lyme disease in people. However, there is evidence that tick species capable of carrying the bacteria are expanding their range in Canada.
While most ticks do not cause serious health problems, it is important to protect yourself, your family and even your pets from tick bites. It is also important to remove attached ticks immediately in order to avoid potential infection or diseases that can be transmitted from the bite. Some tips to prevent tick bites include:
Walk on cleared trails whenever possible and avoid walking in tall grassy or wooded areas.
Wear light-coloured clothing and cover up as much skin as possible. For example, a hat, long-sleeved shirt and long pants with the legs tucked into socks or boots.
Use a bug spray that contains the chemical DEET or Icaridin to repel ticks and reapply as frequently as directed.
Check yourself for ticks after leaving a grassy or wooded area where ticks may live.
Check your pets for ticks after they have been outside. You cannot get Lyme disease from your pet, but your pet can bring infected ticks inside. These ticks can fall off your pet and attach themselves to you.
How to remove a tick safely
Although the risk of Lyme disease is very low in Alberta, there are other tick-borne diseases that can be transmitted by ticks.
It is important to properly remove a tick as soon as possible. Removing a tick 24 to 36 hours after a tick bite usually prevents Lyme disease from developing.
If a tick is attached to your skin, you can safely remove it.
Using tweezers, gently grasp its head and mouth parts as close to your skin as possible to avoid leaving mouthparts in the skin or crushing the tick.
Without squeezing the tick, slowly pull the tick straight up off the skin – do not jerk or twist it.
Do not apply matches, cigarettes, dish soap, petroleum jelly or any other substance to the tick. This will not encourage the tick to detach and may cause it to release infectious blood back into the wound.
Once the tick has been removed, clean the bite area with soap and water and disinfect the area with an antiseptic. Wash hands with soap and water.
If you do not plan to submit a photograph of the tick to the Submit-a-Tick program, you can kill the tick by placing it in a freezer for 24 hours, or putting it in rubbing alcohol. Once killed, dispose of it by flushing it down the toilet, or placing it in the garbage. Avoid crushing a tick with your fingers as they may be filled with blood and other infectious material.
Tick bites can be prevented by:
Wearing long trousers, long sleeved shirt and gaiters
Using an insect repellent
Checking skin, hair and warm skin folds (especially the neck and scalp of children) for ticks, after a day out
Removing any ticks and consulting with a GP if symptoms develop
Only a minority of ticks carry infection. If a tick is removed within a few hours, the risk of infection is low. The entire tick, including any mouthparts which might break off, should be removed with a tweezers by gripping it close to the skin. The skin where the tick was found should then be washed with soap and water and the area checked over the next few weeks for swelling or redness. Anyone who develops a rash or other symptoms should visit their GP and explain that they have been bitten by a tick.
Lyme disease has been notifiable in Ireland since 2012 and there are between 8-13 cases notified in Ireland each year. However as some people will not be aware that they are infected or will not seek medical help when unwell the true incidence of Lyme disease is not known. It is likely that there are at least 50-100 cases in Ireland every year.
Ticks are rarely considered serious pathogens in their own right. The bite itself usually causes little irritation although the lesion may become infected with Staphylococcus aureus, causing tick pyaemia and/or blow fly larvae, resulting in myiasis.
Many attempts have been made to identify the most important reservoir hosts for Borreliaspirochaetes in the environment. Large mammals such as red, fallow and sika deer, cattle and sheep are certainly important reproductive hosts for ticks, and by feeding large numbers of all life cycle stages, their presence invariably serves to significantly boost tick numbers [23, 25]
LYME DISEASE…MORE THAN YOU WANTED TO KNOW
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread by black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks.1 It is the most frequently seen vector-borne disease in the United States.
Symptoms of Lyme disease vary based on the severity of the case. The most notorious symptom, “bullseye rash,” doesn’t occur in everyone and can go unnoticed.2 Other symptoms may resemble those of other illnesses. This is why it is possible to be unaware that you have Lyme disease.
Lyme disease that goes untreated for many months or years may be harder to treat with antibiotics. Untreated cases can progress to serious, even fatal health conditions, from arthritis and nerve pain to cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) or Lyme neuroborreliosis (inflammation of the brain and spine).
It’s important to understand more about Lyme disease, what can happen if it goes unmanaged, and what can be done to treat it. The more vigilant you are, the better off you’ll be.
What Causes Lyme Disease?
Lyme disease is carried by the blacklegged tick, also known as the deer tick. This tick is found in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. On the Pacific coast, Lyme disease is spread by the western blacklegged tick (also called the deer tick).
When an infected tick bites you, a bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferipasses from the tick into your bloodstream. In order for this to happen, the tick must be attached to you for 36 to 48 hours. Most people are infected when they’re bitten by immature ticks, which can be difficult to see.3
Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Lyme disease causes a range of symptoms that change and intensify as the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria spreads to the rest of the body. Untreated cases can cause serious problems or lead to a fatal condition. What’s tricky, too, is that the onset of initial symptoms occurs anywhere from three to 30 days after exposure.2
Clinically, there are three stages of Lyme disease: early localized disease, early disseminated disease, and late disseminated disease.4
Early Localized Lyme Disease
Early localized disease, the initial manifestation, begins between three and 30 days after a bite. It is characterized by:
Bullseye rash and swelling,the most notorious symptom, occurs in 70% to 80% of cases.2 Clinically referred to as “erythema migrans,” its appearance varies—it can be a different color or shape—especially in people of color. It arises about a week after exposure to the bacteria.
Other symptoms of the first stage include fever, fatigue, headache, and joint pain. Very often, those with the condition—especially if there is no rash—feel as if they’re experiencing the flu.
MISTAKES I MADE
I made mistakes over the course of the job. Attendance for instance. Fired one man for not
turning up when needed. Then Barney told
me his father had died in the night. I felt bad. Thanks to Barney all was not lost. Rehird the fellow
and went to the wake in their small cottage. Packed with people.
The coffin was erect as I remember. Lots of noise as dozens packed the two room cottage
cheek to jowl. Was there also music? I think so. Later John Stam, John Hogan and I joined the funeral cortege walking
behind the ancient hearse heading to the cemetery. He was buried vertically beside the church. I assumed that
was because the tiny graveyard was packed. Even the funeral was an adventure. I remember a farmer
with a load of pigs speeding around a corner to meet us face on. No damage.
Thanks to Barney this sad event bound me even more tightly to the
community life of Bunmahon in 1960. Like John Wayne in ’The Quiet Man’. Imagination
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/untreated-lyme-disease-5181045_FINAL-94489312469a409f9a5f16d9130ca21f.jpg)
www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/fYLhhTInhSawYXko6E8KwBNhQS4=/378×0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/untreated-lyme-disease-5181045_FINAL-94489312469a409f9a5f16d9130ca21f.jpg 378w, :max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/untreated-lyme-disease-5181045_FINAL-94489312469a409f9a5f16d9130ca21f.jpg){kind=link}
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/untreated-lyme-disease-5181045_FINAL-94489312469a409f9a5f16d9130ca21f.jpg){kind=link}
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/untreated-lyme-disease-5181045_FINAL-94489312469a409f9a5f16d9130ca21f.jpg){kind=link}